Abstract: To meet the requirements of high-resolution, long-range, and high-precision wind measurements, a dual-pulse differential algorithm is proposed for a pulsed coherent Doppler wind light detection and ranging (LiDAR) without pulse width compression. By applying frequency-domain differencing to the transmitted pulse-echo signals, the algorithm effectively eliminated the common components of the echo signals, thereby improving the spatial resolution of the LiDAR. Field experiments were conducted to verify the approach. The results demonstrated that the dual-pulse differential algorithm enabled the LiDAR system to achieve a spatial resolution of 3 m and a detection range of 1200 m. In both abrupt and real wind field conditions, the wind speed measurement accuracy reached 0.153 m/s and 0.127 m/s, respectively. High-precision detection is achieved for both the real wind field simulated by an atmospheric stratification model and the simulated abrupt wind field. Additionally, the spatial resolution and detection range of conventional pulsed coherent Doppler wind LiDAR are enhanced.